Extreme pressure lubricant



' conditions.',

Patent ed May 1940- uni-Tao STATES PATENT OFFICE 'z. z0z ,o41

m a. mans]...

Woodbury,

New York and Francis M. p 'asaignora to Socony-Vacuum Oil Company,

cemented, New York, N.

and Henry G. Berger, Sager, Pitman, Nit, Y., a corporation of No'Drawlng. Application November 23, 1937, Sfl'lfll N0.- 176,054

1 Claims. (01. 81 9) This invention hasto do in a general way with lubricating materials and is more" particularly related to improved, lubricating compositions adapted for. use under abnormally high pressure It is well known to those familiar with the art that a lubricating oil such asa mere refined petroleum oil 1130131011 18 incapable of maints'airiing a lubricating film-between engaged metallic 10 surfaces where the. unitload at the engaged surfaces exceeds a pressure of say 3000-4000 lbs. per square inch. In various, types or-modern machinery, such as the hypoid gears used in motor vehicles, the engaging-pressures between the gear teeth are so' high that they are, incapable of proper lubrication by the so-called thick. film which is obtained through the use of oilsof the type above-referred to. It has, therefore, become the practice to incorporate in lubricating oils of this type an additive or which is capable of reaction'under extreme pressure conditions to form, a lubricant film capable ofwithstanding these high pressures.

Ingredients of this character are known as ex- -5 tremerpressure ingredients or extreme pressure (E. P.) lubricant bases and the lubricant compositions compounded of such ingredients are known asE. R..lubricants.' 1 Nimierous materlals,have been proposed for so use as E;. P. basesand among such materials have been-proposed compounds or materials containing sulfur'and chlorine. The present invention is related to'this latter type or class of materials. It is the primary obiet 0! this invention to pro-- 5 vide an extreme pressure lubricant compounded .with a chlorine and sulfur containing E. P. base which maybe easily and economicallyman'ufactured and which is stable )w'ithin the oil under conditions of storage and use.

the discovery that a highly efllci'ent extreme pressure lubricant base-can be fprmedas the reactioi: product 0! a halogenated organic compound, pref erably aliphatic,with an alkali thiocyanate.

The particular compounds representative of the class contemplated by this invention are obtained by reacting an alkali thiocyanate with a chlorinated petroleum naphtha, the proportions of the reactants being such-that the final prod not contains both chlorine and sulfur.

Chlorinated petroleum naphtha or chlornaph-- thacan'be prepared by chlorinating a petroleum naphtha such as Stoddard Solvent to a chlorine content of from about to about chlornaphtha obtained in this way can then be reingredient which will form,

with" aminor proportion ing the tha containing 48.3% chlorine,

acted with an alkali thiocyanate to etfect a replacement of part of the chlorine with the thiocyanate group. The proportions of chlorine and sulfur in the final product may be varied by varychlorination of the chlornaphtha and 5 also by varying the proportions of the chlorinated aliphatic compound (chlornaphtha) and the alkali thiocyanate in the final reaction Compounds formed in this way are, for the p se of description and definition herein, referred to 10 specifically as chlornaphtha thiocyanates and broadly as halogenated aliphatic thiocyanates.

To illustrate the manner in which halogen (chlorine) -substituted aliphatic compounds of the type contemplated by this invention may be 16 formed, we have described, in the following two examples, procedures which may-be followed in the syntheses of chlornaphtha thiocyanates.-

Example 1'.-A mixture of 50 grams of potassiumthiocyanate, 170 grams of chlorinated naph- 20 tha containing 51.8% chlorine, and 200 cc. of acetone was heated and s ed at a temperature of from 40 C. to 50 C over a period of. two hours. The mixture was filtered free of solid materials and the solvent distilled off. The 86 residue thus obtained was again filtered, yielding an oil-miscible product containing 43.66% chlorine and 1.6%suli'ur.

Example 2.-A mixture ,of 50 grams of potassium thiocyanate, 100 grams of chlorinated naph- I0 and 200 cc. 0!

acetone was stirred and refluxed over two hours. The resulting mixture was subjected to the' same refining operation described in Example 1 and yielded an oil-miscible liquid .product containing 1 SI 41% chlorine and 2.8% sulfur. v

To demonstrate the value of chlorine-thiocyanate substituted aliphatic compounds of the More specifically our invention is upon type contemplated'by this invention as extreme prusure lubricant bases, we have prepared luso 'bricant compositions using the chlornaphtha thiocyanates obtained from the two examples above, in a mineral oil having a S. U. viscosity of -90 seconds at 210 1". These extreme pressure lubricant, compositions, have been subjected 5 to -the Alinen Pin Test (Wolf and Mougey, Proc.

A. P. I, 1932, pp. 118-130) and'the S. A. E. Test (S. A..E. Journal 39.23-4 (1936)). These tests are commonly accepted as standard for determining extreme pressure lubricant characteristics of B0 lubricant compositions and in the .table below we have shown the resultsobtained with these tests, using theunblended or untreated oil above referred to and samples oi! the same oil blendedwith a minor proportion of the two chlornaphtha l6 thiocyanate compositionsobtainedin Examples .may be dissolved, dispersed, or emulsified.

1 and 2 given above; The'additive ingredient in ,each case is identified by the example number used above, and the table,.it will be observed, shows that these compounds were added to the oil in concentrations of 5% and 10%. l

It willbe seen from the foregoing table that the chlorine-thiocyanate substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons contemplated by this invention, when blended with a mineral oil in minor proportions, are efiective' to greatly improve the load carrying capacity of such oil and it is to be understood that while we have illustrated our invention with certain specific examples, using a particular halogenated aliphatic compound (chlornaphtha) and a particular alkali thiocyanate (potassium thiocyanate) and have described ce ain exemplary procedures for preparing the c mpounds, the invention is not limited to the s cific examples either as toingredients or proced re. It is also to be understood that while we have illustrated our extreme pressure lubricant composition as comprising a mineral-lubricating ofl as the preferred carrier for the E. P. base or ingredient,

our invention is not necessarily restricted to ex-' 'treme pressure lubricants compounded with mineral oil as the carrying agent but contemplates other suitable carrying mediums, such as lighter petroleum fractions, fatty vegetable or animal oils, benzene and similar hydrocarbons, alcohols,

ethers, esters, and media in which our E. P. base We claim: V 1. an extreme pressure lubricant comprising hydrocarbon lubricant oil and in admixture therewith a minor proportion of the oil-miscible product obtained by the reaction of a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon and an alkali thiocyanate in such proportions that said product contains both sulfur and chlorine.

2. An extreme pressure lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon lubricant oil and in admixture therewith a minor proportion, from about 0.5%

to 10%, of the oil-miscible product obtained by the reaction of a chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon and an alkali thiocyanate in such proportions that said product contains both sulfur and chlorine.

3. An extreme pressure lubricant comprising a.

hydrocarbon lubricant oil and in admixture therewith a minor proportion of the oil-miscible product obtained by the reaction of a chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon and analkali thiocyanate in such proportions that said product contains both sulfur and halogen.

4. An extreme pressure lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon lubricant oil and in admixture therewith a minor proportion of a chlorine and thiocyanate substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon.

5. An extreme pressure lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon lubricant oil and in admixture therewith a minor proportion of chlornaphtha thiocyanate obtained by reacting a chlorinated petroleum naphtha. with an alkali thiocyanate in such proportions that the reaction product contains a residual amount of chlorine.

6. An extreme pressure lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon lubricant oil and in admixture therewith a minor proportion, from about 0.5%

to about 10%, of chlornaphtha thiocyanate obtained by reacting a chlorinated petroleum naphtha with an alkali thiocyanate in such proportions that the reaction product containsv a residual amount of chlorine. V

7. An extreme pressure lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon lubricating'oil and in admixture therewith a minor proportion of a halogenated" aliphatic thiocyanate.

' DARWIN E. BADERTSCHER.

HENRY G. BERGER... FRANCIS M. SEGER. 

